New Cases Of Cancer Research Articles

Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.

This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of cancer in the year 2022 (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 million deaths from cancer (including NMSC). The estimates suggest that approximately one in five men or women develop cancer in a lifetime, whereas around one in nine men and one in 12 women die from it. Lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2022, responsible for almost 2.5 million new cases, or one in eight cancers worldwide (12.4% of all cancers globally), followed by cancers of the female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (4.9%). Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), followed by colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), female breast (6.9%), and stomach (6.8%) cancers. Breast cancer and lung cancer were the most frequent cancers in women and men, respectively (both cases and deaths). Incidence rates (including NMSC) varied from four-fold to five-fold across world regions, from over 500 in Australia/New Zealand (507.9 per 100,000) to under 100 in Western Africa (97.1 per 100,000) among men, and from over 400 in Australia/New Zealand (410.5 per 100,000) to close to 100 in South-Central Asia (103.3 per 100,000) among women. The authors examine the geographic variability across 20 world regions for the 10 leading cancer types, discussing recent trends, the underlying determinants, and the prospects for global cancer prevention and control. With demographics-based predictions indicating that the number of new cases of cancer will reach 35 million by 2050, investments in prevention, including the targeting of key risk factors for cancer (including smoking, overweight and obesity, and infection), could avert millions of future cancer diagnoses and save many lives worldwide, bringing huge economic as well as societal dividends to countries over the forthcoming decades.

Does metformin reduce the risk of cancer in obesity and diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the effect of metformin on cancer incidence in subjects with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes that compared metformin to other interventions for ≥24 weeks. Independent reviewers selected and extracted data including population and intervention characteristics and new diagnoses of cancer. We used the RoB 2.0 risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence. From 14 895 records after removal of duplicates, 27 trials were included, providing a total of 10 717 subjects in the metformin group and 10 003 in the control group, with 170 and 208 new cases of cancer, respectively. Using a random-effects model, the relative risk was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.31), with similar results in subgroup analyses by study duration or effect of control intervention on weight. Risk of bias in most studies was low, and no evidence of publication bias was found. Trial sequential analysis provided evidence that the cumulative sample size was large enough to exclude a significant effect of metformin on cancer incidence. Metformin did not reduce cancer incidence in RCTs involving subjects with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes.

Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Attitude Toward Cervical Cancer Screening Among the First-Year School of Midwifery Students in FMC Nguru, North-Eastern Nigeria

Cervical cancer occurs due to Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and subsequent integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells. The viral proto-oncogenes, mainly E6 and E7, are responsible for the initial changes in the epithelial cells of the transformation zone of the cervix. The viral proteins inactivate two main tumor suppressor proteins, p53, and retinoblastoma (pRb). Inactivation of these host proteins disrupts both the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer among women worldwide, it ranked 14th among all cancers worldwide. There are 500,000 new cases of cancer of the cervix annually, and about 250,000 mortalities all over the world from cervical cancer. About 80% of all these cases occur in low-income countries. In Nigeria, there are 12,075 new cases of cervical cancer and 7,968 deaths due to cervical cancer per year. The study was a cross-sectional type aimed at exploring the knowledge of the participants on cancer of the cervix and their attitude toward cervical cancer screening using a semi-structured questionnaire in FMC Nguru. Results: The total number of participants was 29(n=29). The mean age of the respondents was 20.9 +/-2. 8SD. Concerning the knowledge of cervical cancer among the participants, 27(93.1%) heard of cervical cancer. Most of the respondents do not know the cause of cervical cancer, as only 10(34.5%) know that cervical cancer is associated with HPV. The risk factors for cervical Cancer are not known by most of the respondents as 14(48.3%) agreed that having a relative who had the disease is a risk factor, while only 10(34.5%) agreed that HPV is a cause of the pathology. There was poor knowledge regarding the presentation of cancer of the cervix, abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most popular way of presentation known by 13(44.8%) of the respondents while only 8(27.6%) know that cervical cancer can present with bleeding after sexual intercourse, five of the respondents (17.2%) showed smelling vaginal discharge as the mode of presentation, dysuria by only 2(6.9%). A good number of the participants know about cervical screening 26(89.7%). Twenty-eight respondents (96.6%) are willing to go and have themselves screened for cervical cancer if they are asked to do so, and 27(93.1%) will advise some other people to go for the screening. A good number of the respondents, 27(93.1%) are aware that cancer of the cervix can be prevented. Conclusion: The students had a good awareness of cervical cancer and cancer of the cervix screening and had a positive attitude toward having themselves screened whenever the chance was available, and also had a positive attitude toward being willing to convince other people to go for the screening, but demonstrated less knowledge on cervical cancer causes, risk factors and mode of presentation. Hence there is a window of opportunity to deliver more health education to the students and by extension to the larger population.

Telomerase: a nexus between cancer nanotherapy and circadian rhythm.

Cancer represents a complex disease category defined by the unregulated proliferation and dissemination of anomalous cells within the human body. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, the year 2020 witnessed the diagnosis of approximately 19.3 million new cases of cancer and 10.0 million individuals succumbed to the disease. A typical cell eventually becomes cancerous because of a long-term buildup of genetic instability and replicative immortality. Telomerase is a crucial regulator of cancer progression as it induces replicative immortality. In cancer cells, telomerase inhibits apoptosis by elongating the length of the telomeric region, which usually protects the genome from shortening. Many nanoparticles are documented as being available for detecting the presence of telomerase, and many were used as delivery systems to transport drugs. Furthermore, telomere homeostasis is regulated by the circadian time-keeping machinery, leading to 24-hour rhythms in telomerase activity and TERT mRNA expression in mammals. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of various kinds of nanoparticles used in telomerase detection, inhibition, and multiple drug-related pathways, as well as enlightens an imperative association between circadian rhythm and telomerase activity from the perspective of nanoparticle-based anticancer therapeutics.

Digital Archiving and Preservation of Cancer Records: Case of KNH/UoN Department of Pathology

Cancer is considered to be 3rd leading killer and 2nd among non-communicable diseases in Kenya Mutinda J. (2019). Ferlay, et al (2013) noted there are about 37,000 new cases of cancer annually and annual mortality rate of 28,000. This indicates cancer records rapidly accumulate over time and more resources are needed to collect and manage cancer-related data. KNH/UoN Department of Pathology have for a long time kept their records using a paper-based system. Objective of the study was to review current record keeping system including the process of preserving, storing and retrieving cancer records and the challenges faced, develop a model to guide the archival of locally available cancer paper-records and a web based prototype to preserve and avails this information to a wide range of stakeholders. The study used descriptive research design involving 22 participants. Random sampling technique was used to select respondents among the sampled population. The intervention prototype was developed using the RAD methodology. It was noted that cancer patient data were captured through standard forms/books (86% of the respondents) and stored in standard forms/books (71% of the respondents). 57% stated that identification of record and documenting was done based on LAB number. ICD 10 Coding system was not fully implemented as many forms had old coding format. 77% of the participants stated that the inability to track patient records with ease as a challenge and lack of technology in records management as a potential security bleach and damage of records. Findings presented a strong case for this research study where, upon prototype developed, there was concurrence among the respondents that the developed solution would be of significant to enhance cancer records management in the department and improving the healthcare service delivery process. This model can also be used to preserve other similar medical paper documents.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults: A SEER-Based Analysis of Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of 1565 Patients

Introduction: Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) are individuals between 15-39 years old. There are an estimated 1 million new cases of cancers in this age group yearly [1]. Although Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is typically a disease of middle-aged and elder patients, with a median age of 62 years [1], AYA accounts for about 22.1% of all CML cases [2]. There has been little focus directed towards this age group and most studies focus on the middle-aged and elderly. Despite the remarkable improvement in the survival of CML over the years, the largest study to date [3] suggested poor survival outcomes for patients in underserved populations and with low income. We aimed to determine whether sociodemographic differences exist in the AYA age group. Method: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Result (SEER) registry research plus database 17 (2000 -2020) was used to assess and compare the survival outcomes in the AYA group and older population diagnosed with CML. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine prognostic factors for survival. A two-sided p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 6,319 patients with CML were identified, of which 75.2% (n= 4754) were adults ≥40 years, and 24.8% (n= 1565) were AYAs . Amongst the AYA, 51.4% (n=804) were Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 25 % (n=390) were Hispanics, 12.1% (n=189) were Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 10.5% (n=164) were Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (NHAPI) and 1.2% (n=18) were Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (NHAIA) [Table 1]. The frequency of Hispanics in the AYA group was more compared to adults ≥40 years (25% vs 12.9%). NHWs had a lower frequency in the AYA group compared to adults ≥40 years (51.4% vs 67.5%) and NHBs had a similar distribution in both age groups (12.1% vs 11.6%). The proportion of mortality attributed to CML was lower in the AYA group compared to older adults ≥40 years (7.7% vs 11.9%). The results for individual Cox regression for each racial group show that AYA Hispanic males had a worse prognosis than females (HR= 2.930, 95% CI: 1.234-6.960), such observation was not seen in other AYA races [Table 2] but it was seen in Hispanic adult males ≥40 years (HR= 1.583, 95% CI: 1.074-2.334). Also, we identified that for patients aged ≥40 years, male sex was an independent poor prognostic factor for NHW (HR= 1.259, 95% CI: 1.074-1.476) and NWB (HR=1.879, 95% CI: 1.232-2.864) [Table 2]. Conclusion: Our study shows similar demographic characteristics between AYA and adults ≥40 years old. However, AYAs are less likely to die from CML compared to adults ≥40 years. Hispanic males appear to have a worse outcome than females, an observation seen in both age groups, and is independent of other analyzed prognostic factors. More research is needed to examine and identify other prognostic factors of CML in AYA with the aim of improving their survival outcomes.

Overview of Cancers and Impact of Music Therapy in Intervention: A Literature Review

Cancer is taken under consideration as a fatal disease. It’s caused by a spread of things including unhealthy lifestyles, pollution, stress, radiation exposure, infection, tobacco consumption, and unhealthy food choices. There are several varieties of cancer that affect the chassis and their growth varies depending on the type. Cancer could be a major reason for death after a heart condition. There are 10 million new cases of cancer and approximately 5 million deaths in 2020 were caused by cancer (World Health Organization, 2018)1, and deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to still rise to over 20 million by 2025 (Stewart and Wild. 2014)2. There are several intervention modes to treat cancer patients. Besides medical intervention, there are prominent psychosocial concerns that have a very noticeable impact on intervention in the case of cancer patients. Cancer treatment facilities in India have incorporated psychosocial services into cancer care by routinely assessing patients’ levels of distress. For that Music therapy can improve their quality of life by addressing the emotional, spiritual, and physical needs that will arise during this point. Furthermore, music therapy also can be applied to assist relationships throughout the grieving process by providing comfort, continuity, and opportunities for specific feelings of loss (Rossetti et al., 2017)3. Hence, there’s a greater need and justification for exploring the scope of using music therapy with cancer patients, especially in low-income countries, including India

Cancer of colon, rectum and anus: the rising burden of disease worldwide from 1990 to 2019.

Previous studies suggest that trends of cancer of colon, rectum and anus (CRA) incidence and mortality have been decreasing in recent decades. However, the trends are not uniform across age groups. This study aimed to assess the trends of the cancer of CRA burden worldwide. A descriptive study was carried out with a joinpoint regression analysis using the database of the Global Burden of Disease study. About 2.2 million new cases of cancer of CRA were diagnosed in the world in 2019, whereby cancer of CRA caused ~1.1 million deaths. Globally, the incidence trend in both sexes together was increasing in 1990-2019, while the mortality trend was decreasing. The highest rise both in incidence and mortality was observed in the East Asia region (by 3.6% per year and by 1.4% per year, respectively) and the Andean Latin America region (by 2.7% per year and by 1.2% per year, respectively). However, of particular concern is the significant increase in the incidence (by 1.7% per year) and mortality (by 0.5% per year) from cancer of CRA in people aged 15-49. Unfavorable trends in cancer of CRA in the young require more attention in management plans.

Predisposing and Overall Effects of Reproductive Hormones on Breast Cancer: A Review.

Cancer, the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, has been the subject of extensive and quickly changing scientific study and practice. Cancer remains a mystery despite the enormous effort put into understanding the genesis of cancerous cells, the development of malignant tissues, and the process by which they propagate and recur. Cells from humans that have been recruited by cancer and, to some extent, changed into pathogenic organisms or the foundation of tumors serve as agents of destruction. Understanding cancers leads to challenging philosophical issues since they undermine and use multicellular organization processes. Cancer metastasizing cells adopt new phenotypes while discarding previous behaviors. The absence of comprehensive knowledge of this has hampered the development of therapeutics for metastatic illness. For systems-level experimental and computational metastasis modeling, integrating these complex and interconnected features continues to be a problem because metastasis has typically been studied in separate physiological compartments. Lung, breast, and prostate cancers accounted for the bulk of the 18 million new cases of cancer that were diagnosed in 2018. The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer. Animal experimentation plays a significant role in primary and translational breast cancer research. In theory, such breast cancer models should be comparable to breast cancer in humans in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and treatment response.

Assessment of barriers to optimal cancer control in adult cancer treatment centres in Cameroon.

Approximately 20,745 new cases of cancer were registered annually with 13,199 (64%) deaths in 2020 in Cameroon. Despite the increasing cancer burden, there is a paucity of reliable data that can enhance decision-making for cancer control in Cameroon. This assessment was, therefore, designed to generate data that may enable stakeholders, policymakers and funders to make data-driven decisions on cancer control. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in July 2020, which enabled us to collect data on key cancer variables from six adult cancer treatment centres in Cameroon. The key components of the assessment included case detection, service availability, human resource capacity, cost of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the safety of chemotherapy sessions, data systems, patient education, palliative care, funding for chemotherapy and chemotherapy stock. Data were compiled and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Data from four of the 6 sites show that 1,636 new cases were recorded representing an annual case detection rate of 11.8%. All the six assessed facilities offered chemotherapy services, 5/6 (83.3%) offered surgery for cancers, while just 1 (16.7%) offered radiotherapy services. In addition, none offered nuclear medicine services for cancer care and treatment. Similarly, none of the facilities had the WHO-recommended number of human resources for optimal cancer care. Overall, there were only 6 medical oncologists, 2 surgical oncologists, 3 radiation oncologists and 14 oncology nurses providing services across the 6 cancer treatment centres. Treatment services are expensive for an average national, with a complete course of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy costing ~XAF 1,240,000 (~$2,480). None of the survey facilities had a recommended safe biosafety cabinet and clean room for the preparation of chemotherapies, rendering the preparation of chemotherapies suboptimal and hazardous. Data collection tools were manual, relatively available and very different across all the surveyed sites and the interval for data collection and transmission was collectively undefined. Optimal cancer care in adult cancer treatment centres is limited by several health systems and socio-economic factors. The identification of these barriers has enabled the formulation of action-oriented interventions, leveraging on the recently adopted national strategy for the prevention and control of cancers in the country.

Machine Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Prediction: A Concise Review

Breast cancer is the most trending type of cancer globally with close to two and half million cases recorded based on research by the World Health Organization in 2021 and it is also the most common cancer among women in all countries, posing a major cause for public health concern. In Nigeria and the world at large, over a hundred thousand new cases of cancer occur every year with high death among women. It has been researched that early and accurate detection of breast cancer can aid in the diagnosis of the disease for women and it may also reduce the risk of death rate among women. Literature shows that several machine learning techniques have been carried out on breast cancer diagnosis to help provide accurate technology solutions to early detection. The machine learning techniques used have different accuracy rate which varies for dissimilarity conditions. In this study, we compared different methods with many existing machine-learning techniques commonly used for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Also, the aim of this review method will show an improvement in accuracy performances by implementing different methods and analysis in existing machine learning techniques to proficiently assist doctors in decision-making on an accurate detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and classifying tumors as benign or malignant thereby reducing the risk of death rate among women.

Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer among Women

Women are blessed with a kind heart, a sea of love, and a bundle of affection. They are, undoubtedly, a symbol of love and a pillar of strength. They are always there, like a beacon in the night. A woman is not only beautiful, but, a woman is a companion to a man, family and society given by God Almighty. Yes, women are indeed God’s most beautiful creation. Every woman should know this, and should live up to it. Women should respect themselves. Today, sadly, things have changed. Many women have no sense of their health and their wellness. Cancer has become one of the ten leading causes of death in India. According to Indian Council of Medical Research there are nearly 1.5-2 million cancer cases at any given point of time. Over 7 lakh new cases of cancer and 3 lakh deaths occur annually due to cancer. Nearly 15 lakh patients require facilities for diagnosis, treatment and follow up at a given time.3 The incidence of breast cancer is rising in every country of the world especially in developing countries such as India. This is because more and more women in India are beginning to work outside their homes which allow the various risk factors of breast cancer to come into play. These include late age at first childbirth, fewer children and shorter duration of breast-feeding.4 Breast cancer has increased incidence of among women residing in metropolitan cities. Statistically, breast cancer is supposed to be more common among unmarried women; those who are married, but have not had children; and those who have had children, but did not breast feed their babies. It is also related with smoking, alcohol drinking and high fat intake to the causation of breast cancer and this probably explains its etiological relationship to a modern lifestyle and environment.5 Materials and Methods: Descriptive survey design is selected using convenient sampling and 60 working women were selected as sample. A structured questionnaire is used to assess the knowledge of the working women regarding breast cancer. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: Part –A to collect the demographic data, Part-B consisting of questions regarding the various aspects of knowledge about breast cancer. Results: Major findings of the study revealed that the majority of 50%women belonged to the age group of 41-50 yrs, 75% women are married 50% are graduate, majority (40%) of women had two children and 40 never breast fed majority of women (40%) had a family monthly income of Rs. 20001-30000, and had no history of breast cancer running in the family. The mean knowledge score was 5.7 (SD  2.47) and 22% of the study population had poor knowledge regarding breast cancer. Demographic variables like age, marital status educational status, duration of breast feeding and family history were associated with the level of knowledge. A self-instructional module was prepared for use as a teaching aid and found effective with‘t’ value 17.77 at p<0.01 level. Conclusion: After the detailed analysis of the study findings showed that the earlier studies done on the knowledge of women regarding breast cancer. There is lack of knowledge even in the educated women regarding breast cancer. It is the responsibility of all the nursing educators, administrators and policy makers to find out the barriers in the gain of knowledge and should try to remove them and to develop strategies which can make emphasis on prevention and early detection of diseases

Change in the age structure of newly diagnosed cancer patients in private practices between 2010 and 2022

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and will be responsible for almost 10 million deaths in 2020. In the same year, about 19 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed worldwide [1]. The incidence of all cancers increased between 1998 and 2012 in most countries and in all age groups worldwide [2]. However, at least in Europe, the USA and part of Asia, this trend was in line with demographic changes and population ageing [3,4]. Cancer risk increases with age, and more than 60% of cancers are diagnosed in people aged 65 or older [5]. However, recent studies suggest a sharp increase in the incidence of cancer in adults under 50 years of age [6-15]. In young people diagnosed with cancer, the disease is often more advanced at the time of diagnosis than in older people, partly due to delayed diagnosis [16].

“A vaccine that nonetheless remains apart”: Papillomavirus and vaccination in France

Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently not widespread in France, where the vaccination rate is one of the lowest in Europe. However, this virus is encountered by 80% of the population and causes 3000 new cases of cancer per year. This vaccination constitutes a real lever for action. Using a qualitative approach (semi-directive interviews), we documented the perceptions, reluctance, and obstacles of sixteen general practitioners in Ile de France. The objective was to understand the low vaccination rate and to propose sustainable solutions to increase adherence to this vaccine. The HPV vaccine is different from other vaccines, which makes it more difficult for the public to understand. Firstly, because it affects the privacy of patients from a very young age. Secondly, because it has long been dedicated to a female public and the opening of vaccination to boys of the same age leads to a change in discourse and a break with its gendered image. Finally, this vaccination is taking place in a context where there is a marked reluctance to vaccinate in France, with a rapid circulation of more or less reliable information that often places the medical profession in difficulty. Health professionals play a key role in convincing and encouraging patients to adhere to the vaccine, and a majority of doctors are still in favor of vaccination. Relying on a wider group of health professionals could help to increase adherence to the vaccine in France.

Current progress of immunotherapy based on NK cell in cancer therapy

Cancer generally refers to malignant tumor, including carcinoma, sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. This disease is caused by malignant cell hyperplasia. It is invasive and metastable. It is manifested by the continuous growth of a local mass of the body that destroys the normal tissue structure and can be transferred to other sites. It has been reported that there will be about 20 million new cases of cancer in 2020 and half of all cancer patients will die. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as the three standard treatment methods for cancer, plays an vital role in improving the survival rate and prolonging the survival time of cancer patients. In recent years, researchers have focused on the immune mechanism of tumors to explore the treatment of malignant tumors. Driven by the rapid development of modern molecular biology and gene engineering technology, immunotherapy has been paid more and more attention, showing good effect and application prospects, has become the world's recognized malignancy of the fourth treatment mode. Among these, natural killer cells (NK) fight cancer through their cytolytic function and the production of IFN-γ. One of the primary clinical objectives is to use their abilities for tumour immunotherapy. This article looks at advances in NK cell-based tumor therapy.

A burden shared: the financial, psychological, and health-related consequences borne by family members and caregivers of people with cancer in India.

In India, approximately 1.4 million new cases of cancer are recorded annually, with 26.7 million people living with cancer in 2021. Providing care for family members with cancer impacts caregivers' health and financial resources. Effects on caregivers' health and financial resources, understood as family and caregiver "financial toxicity" of cancer, are important to explore in the Indian context, where family members often serve as caregivers, in light of cultural attitudes towards family. This is reinforced by other structural issues such as grave disparities in socioeconomic status, barriers in access to care, and limited access to supportive care services for many patients. Effectson family caregivers' financial resources are particularly prevalent in India given the increased dependency on out-of-pocket financing for healthcare, disparate access to insurance coverage, and limitations in public expenditure on healthcare. In this paper, we explore family and caregiver financial toxicity of cancer in the Indian context, highlighting the multiple psychosocial aspects through which these factors may play out. We suggest steps forward, including future directions in (1) health services research, (2) community-level interventions, and (3) policy changes. We underscore that multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral efforts are needed to study and address family and caregiver financial toxicity in India.

A Comparison of Cancer Incidences Between Dharmais Cancer Hospital and GLOBOCAN 2020: A Descriptive Study of Top 10 Cancer Incidences

Background: : Cancer is one of the main causes of death and increased morbidity in every country in the world. According to Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020 data, it is estimated that 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10.0 million cancer deaths occurred in the world in 2020. Based on the same data, it is estimated that 396,914 new cancer cases and nearly 234,511 cancer deaths are estimated to occur in Indonesia. Dharmais National Cancer Hospital (DNCH) as a national cancer center is a miniature of cancer data in Indonesia. For this reason, researchers want to compare whether the data on the number and types of cancer in DNCH are the same as those in GLOBOCAN 2020.Methods: This research is a descriptive analysis with secondary data collection methods taken from medical records. The sampling technique was total sampling, univariate data analysis, namely new cases of cancer patients for the January-December 2021 period which are 2,382 cases.Results: The results showed that the same order in both data was only found in the first, second, and seventh order, namely breast cancer, cervical cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, respectively. However, the percentage of new cases of breast cancer in RSKD is much higher (2.5-folds) than in GLOBOCAN.Conclusion: There are several differences between the data on new cancer cases in the two data, which can be caused because DNCH has complete facilities, both for diagnostic and curative purposes, and examinations such as IHC and bone scans are only available at certain hospitals and one of them is DNCH.

Oral cancer and the importance of the dental surgeon for early diagnosis

Between 2016 and 2017, more than 600 thousand new cases of cancer occurred in Brazil, with emphasis on oral cancer occupying the fifth place of incidence among men and seventh among women. Based on these data, the study aims to demonstrate the importance of dental surgeons in the early diagnosis of oral cancer, described, through the literature review, as characteristics of potentially fundamental cancerous oral lesions to be recognized and differentiated by these professionals. It is concluded that with the techniques of clinical examination and anamnesis, the dentist plays a fundamental role in the levels of primary and secondary prevention, in the detection of risky behavior and in the application of resources that enable the diagnosis of a malignant lesion at an early stage.

0835 Cancer Patient-Caregiver Dyad Reports of Insomnia, Depression, Anxiety, Symptom Management and Healthcare Utilization

Abstract Introduction More than 1.9 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2022; 30,210 of those were in Alabama. Both caregivers and patients report high levels of insomnia, depression, anxiety and stress that can be linked to a cancer diagnosis, cancer therapies, and the stressful cancer journey. Insomnia, depression, and anxiety may lead to poor symptom management at home and inappropriate (over or under) utilization of healthcare resources. However, these relationships in cancer patients and family caregivers need further exploration. This cross-sectional study is using a community-engaged research approach to gather data to support the development and testing of a model of these relationships and targeted interventions. Methods Caregiver-patient dyads are being recruited at a rural oncology clinic. Each dyad completes a role specific survey one-time during a clinic visit. Sleep is assessed with PSQI and ISI, Depression with PHQ-9, Anxiety with GAD-7, and Stress with PSS. Healthcare resource utilization is captured by self-report. Caregivers report patient symptoms and level of confidence with home symptom management. Patients report quality of life with FACT-G. Target enrollment is 50 dyads for the full study. Results To date we have enrolled 33 patient-caregiver dyads (66% of target). Sleep quality (PSQI) and insomnia levels (ISI) ranged from no difficulties to significant difficulties for both groups. Similar variances in depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and perceived stress (PSS) have been reported. On these measures, some dyad members appeared to mirror each other, whereas others reported vast differences. Caregivers who reported a greater number of patient symptoms tended to report lower levels of confidence in home symptom management. Approximately 50% of the participants have reported healthcare resource utilization, with a majority reporting little to no use of healthcare services. Indicating possible underutilization. Conclusion The cancer journey impacts both patients and caregivers. However, the impact is reflected differently in each member of the dyad. More research is needed to explore the individual and dyadic experiences along the cancer journey and to model the relationships to develop effective interventions for both the cancer patient and family caregiver. Support (if any) Project funding- Office of Research & Economic Development, University of Alabama.

Challenges of Access to Oral Morphine Medicine: Palliative Care at a Crossroads for Cancer Patients in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia registers 77,352 new cases of cancer and 51,865 deaths every year, and the number is showing an increasing trend year to year. Despite the importance of providing palliative care, the country has a long way to go to match the needs of and provide relief for patients with cancer. The promotion and expansion of palliative care services is challenged by a number of problems, among which lack of access to pain-relieving medicine is one of, if not the main, problems raised by health professionals and by various parties involved in health care. Oral morphine is effective and the preferred pain-relieving medicine with tolerable side effects, especially when given by titrating the dose. However, Ethiopia is facing a shortage of oral morphine in health-care facilities and other places where the product is needed. Unless an immediate solution is sought to address the inaccessibility of this medicine, the problem of palliative care will be pronounced and the suffering of patients will continue.